Boeing launched the 737 MAX in August 2011 as a rapid answer to the Airbus A320neo. Boeing wanted a response within months, not years, and re-engining an existing jet was the fastest path. Engineers fitted CFM LEAP-1B turbofans and split-tip winglets. The core MAX 8 first flew on January 29, 2016, and Malindo Air began service in May 2017. Deliveries began less than five years after launch.
The MAX 8 promised about 14 percent lower fuel burn than the 737-800. Orders poured in from Southwest, Ryanair, flydubai and hundreds of other customers. Then came disaster. Lion Air Flight 610 crashed in October 2018 and Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 in March 2019. Both were linked to the MCAS flight-control software, and trust in the program collapsed. Two crashes in five months changed everything.
Regulators grounded the worldwide fleet for some 20 months, the longest grounding of a major airliner. Boeing revised the software, the training and the approval process, and flights resumed in late 2020. Thousands are now delivered or on order at Southwest, Ryanair, United, American and Alaska. Ryanair's high-density 737-8200 squeezes in 197 seats. The MAX 8 is once again the backbone of Boeing's commercial business. Confidence returned slowly.