Air India began in 1932 as Tata Air Lines. Founder J. R. D. Tata held India's first pilot license. He flew the opening airmail run himself. It went from Karachi to Bombay in a de Havilland Puss Moth. The airline took the Air India name in 1946. It reached London in 1948 with Lockheed Constellations. Through the 1950s and 1960s it was known around the world for luxury.
Its Maharajah mascot and ashtrays designed by Salvador Dali became symbols of an airline many called the world's finest. The government took full ownership in 1953, making Air India a state-owned company. That split international flying from domestic sister Indian Airlines. Years of state control brought decline and mounting losses. The 2007 merger with Indian Airlines deepened the crisis. Sale attempts dragged on for years.
In January 2022 Tata bought Air India back for 180 billion rupees. That returned it to its founding family after 69 years. Tata then ordered 470 Boeing and Airbus jets in 2023, later adding 100 more. Vistara was merged into Air India in November 2024. AIX Connect was folded into Air India Express. A Star Alliance member since 2014, the airline is rebuilding its fleet, cabins, and reputation.