Hong Kong International Airport at Chek Lap Kok opened on July 6, 1998, replacing the legendary Kai Tak, whose checkerboard approach between apartment towers had become aviation folklore. The new airport was the centerpiece of the Airport Core Programme, one of the most expensive infrastructure undertakings in history: Chek Lap Kok island was flattened and expanded several times over with reclaimed land.
New bridges, tunnels, highways and a dedicated Airport Express railway were built to reach it. Norman Foster's Terminal 1 was among the largest enclosed spaces ever constructed when it opened.
The airport quickly became the home fortress of Cathay Pacific and one of Asia's great transfer points. For most years since 2010 it has ranked as the busiest cargo airport in the world.
Terminal 2 opened in 2007, and the SkyPier ferry terminal knitted the Pearl River Delta into its catchment. The most ambitious expansion came with the third runway, built on yet more reclaimed land: the new strip opened in 2022 and the full three-runway system was commissioned in late 2024, positioning the airport for its next decades of growth.